Silent Film Sound

COnTENTS Acknowledgements = ix PART I METHODOLOGY 1. The History of Silent Film Sound = 5 Past Attempts to Write the History of Silent Film Sound = 7 Assumptions and Limitations of the Current Project = 12 2. Crisis Historiography = 15 A New Kind of History = 15 Anatomy of an Identity Crisis = 18 PART II THE LATE-NINETEENTH-CENTURY SOUNDCAPE 3. The Musical Scene = 27 Late-Nineteenth-Century Musicians = 28 Stage Music = 30 The bandwagon = 43 4. Lecture Logic = 55 john I, Stoddard = 56 E. Burton Holmes = 58 PART III EARLY FILM SOUND 5. From Peep Show to Project = 77 The Kinetophone = 78 Projected Images = 83 Discontinuities = 88 6. Vaudeville = 95 Moving Picture in Vaudeville = 96 Vaudeville Sound = 102 Films for Music = 106 PART IV NICKELODEON SOUND 7. The Crisis of the Late Aughts = 116 Competition = 120 Ballyhoo = 126 8. Lectures, Sound Effects, and the Itinerant Exhibition Model = 133 Exhibition Model = 133 From Platform Circuit to Film Lecture = 134 Lyman Howe, Leroy Carleton, and Film Sound Effects = 144 9. Films That Talk = 157 Synchronized Sound = 158 Voices Behind the Screen = 166 Last Words = 173 10. The Nickelodeon Program = 181 Illustrated Songs = 182 Silence = 193 11. Nickelodeon Music = 203 Traditional Accounts of Nickelodeon Music = 204 Musical Effects = 209 Popular Songs and Verbal Matching = 220 PART V THE CAMPAIGN TO STANDARDIZE SOUND 12. Trade Press Discourse = 231 The Canary Effect = 236 Musical Standards = 240 13. Music for FIlms = 249 Early Film Scores = 251 The First Published Collections of Music for Films = 258 Musical Suggestions = 265 14. Training Musicians, Training Audiences = 271 Live Demonstrations = 272 Four Modes of Theatrical Organization = 276 Silencing the Film Audience = 278 PART VI THE GOLDEN ERA OF SILENT FILM MUSIC 15. Moving Picture Orchestras Come of Age = 289 Blockbusters and Picture Palaces = 299 The Motion Picture Orchestra = 300 The Evolving Musical Repertory = 308 16. New Roles for Keyboard Instruments = 321 Automatic Pianos and One-Man Orchestras = 322 The Cinema Organ = 330 17. Cue Sheets and Photoplay Music = 345 Cue Sheets = 346 Photoplay music = 354 18. Musical Practices = 367 Standard Procedures = 368 Themes and Leitmotifs = 372 The Full Program = 379 Conclusion = 389 Abbreviations = 393 Notes = 395 Bibliography = 433 Sources for Illustrations = 445 Index = 449

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