Male Homosexuality in Modern Japan

Contents Acknowlegements = ix Illustrarions = xi 1.Introduction = 1 Whose homosexuality? = 1 The lexicon of same-sex love = 4 Japanese terms describing same-sex attraction = 7 Research approach = 12 Chapter outline = 16 2.Homosexuality in Japanese History = 20 Introduction = 20 Tokugawa homosexualities = 20 The Meiji discourse of sexual deviance = 24 Post-war understandings of homosexuality = 27 Japan's 'gay boom' = 32 Homosexuality before the law = 37 Conclusion = 41 3.Just Like a Girl : Images of Homosexual Men as Feminine = 43 Introduction = 43 Homosexuality and cross-dressing in the Japanese entertainment world = 43 Representations of homosexual men as transgendered in popluar print media = 50 The treatment of homosexual men who 'pass' = 55 Conclusion = 58 4.The Love between 'Beautiful Boys' in Women's Comics = 61 Introduction = 61 The treatment of women's sexuality in media discourse = 62 Representations of women in men's comics = 66 The 'love between boys' in women's comics = 69 Women's comics as a site of gender resistance = 78 Gay men's responses to women's comics = 84 Conclusion = 86 5.Gay men as Women's Best Friends and Ideal Marriage Partners = 89 Introduction = 89 The contested meaning of marriage in modern Japan = 90 Gay men as women's ideal partners in Okage and Twinkle = 98 Real and counterfeit marriage = 102 Why are men really women's best friends? = 109 Gay men's changing response to marriage = 114 Conclusion = 120 6.Images of Homosexuality in the Gay Media = 123 Introduction = 123 Stereo-'trying' in the gay community = 124 Japaneses gay magazines = 127 Fantasy figures in gay magazine = 134 Functions of gay magazine = 139 Sons, brothers, fathers and lovers : amae in Japaneses gay personal ads = 144 Gay Internet resources = 150 Conclusion = 158 7.Interviews with Japanese Gay Men = 161 Introduction = 161 Profile of interviewees = 163 8.Japanese Gay Men's Self-Understanding = 191 Introduction = 191 Gay Identity = 192 Coming Out = 196 Gay Community = 202 Sex and relationships = 205 Marriage and family = 207 Living situation = 209 New technologies = 212 Japan vs 'the west' = 214 Conclusion = 216 9.Is there a Japanese Gay Identity? = 222 Introduction = 222 The Sexual identity model = 222 The Sexual rights model = 228 Conclusion = 239 Afterword = 241 Notes = 246 Reference = 254 Index = 265

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