FILM HISTORY

Preface = ⅲ PART ONE : READING, RESEARCHING, AND WRITING FILM HISTORY = 1 1 Film History as History = 3 Film History as a Branch of Film Studies = 4 The Nature of Historical Inquiry = 5 Historical Knowledge and Scientific Knowledge = 9 The Conventionalist Critique of Empiricism = 11 The Realist Response = 13 Realism as a Theory of Film History = 16 Notes = 21 2 Researching Film History = 25 The History of Film Scholarship = 25 Filmic Evidence = 28 The Object of Film Historical Research = 36 Nonfilmic Evidence = 38 Notes = 42 3 Reading Film History = 43 Film History as Narrative = 43 Reading Film Histories = 47 Reading as Questioning = 48 Case Study: The First American Film Historians = 51 Notes = 62 PART TWO : TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO FILM HISTORY 65 4 Aesthetic Film History = 67 The Masterpiece Tradition in Aesthetic Film History = 67 The Masterpiece Tradition and the Auteur Theory = 71 Semiotics and Film History = 76 Toward a Reformulation of Aesthetic Film History = 78 Case Study: The Background of Sunrise = 91 Conclusions = 104 Notes = 105 5 Technological Film History = 109 The "Great Man" Theory and Technological Determination = 110 The Economics of Technical Change = 113 Case Study: The Coming of Sound—An Analysis of Technological Change = 115 Rethinking the Economics of Technological Change = 124 Notes = 128 6 Economic Film History = 131 The Marxist Critique = 134 Industrial Analysis = 138 The Formation of the U.S. Film Industry = 143 Case Study: The Formation of the U.S. Film Industry = 143 Conclusions = 150 Notes = 150 7 Social Film History = 153 Who Made Films and Why? A Social History of Film Production = 154 Who Saw Films, How and Why? The History of Movie-Going = 156 What Has Been Seen, How and Why? The History of Film as Cultural Document = 157 What Has Been Said about the Movies, by Whom and for What Purpose? = 170 What Has Been the Relationship between the Cinema as a Social Institution and Other Social Institutions? = 170 Case Study: The Role of the Star in Film History = 172 Conclusions = 185 Notes = 186 PART THREE : DOING FILM HISTORY = 191 8 Writing Film History = 193 Project Ⅰ—History of Technological Change: The Talkies Come to Milwaukee = 194 Project Ⅱ— The Economics of Local Exhibition: Theater Chains = 197 Project Ⅲ—Local Social History: Early Patterns of Movie-Going in Two Cities = 202 Possible Resources for Local History = 207 Notes = 211 9 Reintegrating Film History = 213 Case Study: The Beginnings of American Cinema Verite = 215 Notes = 239 10 A Selective Guide to Reading = 243 Chapter 1: Film History as History = 243 Chapter 2: Researching Film History = 246 Chapter 3: Reading Film History = 250 Chapter 4: Aesthetic Film History = 254 Chapter 5: Technological Film History = 258 Chapter 6: Economic Film History = 259 Chapter 7: Social Film History = 261 Chapter 8: Writing Film History = 266 Index = 269

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