Wide-Screen Cinema And Stereophonic Sound

Preface = 9 Author's note = 13 Introduction = 15 Brief historical survey = 15 Large screen and stereophonic sound systems = 17 1 Wide-screen systems = 21 Systems using anamorphic optics = 21 Wide-screen "horizontal frame" cinematography = 30 Use of the masked frame = 37 Use of the dynamic frame = 39 2 Wide-gauge films = 44 Todd-AO = 44 Panavision systems = 52 Super-Technirama = 54 Cinemascope = 54 3 Panoramic films = 57 Cinerama systems = 57 Cinemiracle = 64 Wonderama—ARC 120 = 68 Smith-Carney system = 70 Heraclorama = 73 Dimension-150 = 74 Three-screen system = 77 Polyecran = 78 4 Circular panoramic cinematography = 81 Circlorama = 81 Spacearium = 85 5 Three-dimensional sound transmission = 88 Localizing a sound source = 91 Angular localization = 92 Localizing sound by loudness = 93 Localizing of sound in depth = 94 Testing sound localization in stereo = 97 Two-channel stereophonic system = 103 Three-channel stereophonic systems = 108 Pseudo-stereophonic systems = 111 Some characteristics of stereophonic sound = 115 Position of the listener = 120 Haas effect = 121 Re-recording = 126 6 Technology of stereo sound for films = 128 Synchronous recording = 128 Post-scoring (dubbing) = 136 Pre-scoring = 139 Use of pseudo-stereophonic sound = 141 General conclusions = 145 Modern multi-channel dialogue recording = 148 7 Soviet wide-screen system = 152 Special aspects of wide-screen filming = 153 Equipment for wide-screen films = 155 Optical systems = 155 Films used in wide-screen cinematography = 159 Lighting = 159 Set construction: Staging for wide-screen films = 159 Travelling shots = 160 Editing wide-screen films = 161 Peculiarities of stereo recording for wide-screen = 162 Stereophonic recording outside the studio = 170 Equipment for stereo recording, and electrical printing = 173 Adding magnetic tracks to a positive copy = 178 Editing magnetic stereophonic sound tracks = 184 Conversion of a stereo track to mono (single-channel) = 184 Unsqueezing of wide-screen films = 188 Recommendations for making unsqueezed prints = 192 Wide-screen stereoscopic cinematography = 195 8 Wide-format films in the Soviet Union = 198 Some characteristics of the wide-format system = 199 Equipment for making wide-format films = 203 Peculiarities of stereo recording of wide-format films = 205 Characteristics of synchronous sound recording = 207 Dubbing requirements for dialogue sound effects and music = 217 Pre-recorded track: Post scoring using pre-recorded version = 220 Special factors in the technology of sound editing = 222 Equipment for stereo recording, and printing for wide-formats = 223 Characteristics of re-recording wide-format films = 229 Mag sound tracks and electrical printing on composite copies = 230 Recording and editing sound for wide-format films = 231 Printing wide-format copies and variants = 236 Soviet Stereo-70 system = 242 9 Soviet system of panoramic films = 244 Equipment for the Soviet system = 245 10 Soviet system of circular-panoramic films = 249 Equipment for Soviet films = 250 11 Soviet wide-screen dynamic frame system = 253 Varioscopic image perception = 256 Future development of large screens and stereo sound = 263 12 Acoustics for wide-screen theatres = 265 Bibliography = 273

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