A History Of Film

Preface = ⅸ Introduction: Special Characteristics of Film History = 1 An Industrial Art = 2 A Composite Art = 3 A Collectively Created Art = 5 An Ephemeral and Inaccessible Art = 8 Books on Film Theory and General Histories = 10 1. Developments Prior to 1895 that Led to the Motion Picture = 13 Discoveries and Experiments in Persistence of Vision = 14 From Still Photography to Projected Motion-Picture Photography = 18 Foreshadowings of Cinematic Technique in the Nineteenth-Century Theater = 26 Films about the Period before 1895 = 31 Books on the Period = 32 2. International Childhood of a New Medium and Art, 1895-1914 = 33 Brief Motion-Picture Records = 33 Telling Stories through Staged and Filmed Pantomime = 37 Telling Stories through Filmic Means = 40 Increasing Films to Feature Length = 51 Films of the Period = 54 Books on the Period = 55 3. Rise of the American Film, 1914-1919 = 57 The First Masterpieces = 58 A Tradition of Screen Comedy is Established = 72 Emerging Patterns of Industry = 80 Films of the Period = 84 Books on the Period = 85 4. Scandinavian Film, 1911-1924 = 86 Denmark = 87 Sweden = 89 Films of the Period = 94 Books on the Period = 94 5. Great German Silents, 1919-1925 = 95 Predominant Types and Themes = 96 Principal Technical and Stylistic Advances = 102 Mirror of the Culture = 108 Influence on Hollywood = 109 Films of the Period = 111 Books on the Period = 111 6. Art and Dialectic in the Soviet Film, 1925-1929 = 113 Historical Setting = 114 Three Silent Masters = 118 Montage: Theory and Practice = 127 Films of the Period = 133 Books on the Period = 133 7. French Impressionists and the Avant-Garde, 1919-1929 = 135 Films of the Period = 141 Books on the Period = 142 8. Hollywood in the Twenties, 1919-1929 = 143 Movies Become Big Business = 144 Some Major Film Makers and Their Films = 147 Popular Genres = 151 Films of the Period = 158 Books on the Period = 158 9. Sound Comes to America, 1927-1955 = 160 Technological and Economic Problems = 161 Aesthetic Differences = 166 Evolution of Technique = 169 Films of the Period = 174 Books on the Period = 174 10. Golden Age of French Cinema, 1935-1939 = 176 Literary, Theatrical, and Painting Traditions = 179 Five Major Directors = 180 Reflections of a Troubled Nation = 188 Films of the Period = 191 Books on the Period = 191 11. Hollywood in the Thirties, 1929-1939 = 192 The Industry = 193 Censorship, Self-regulation, Pressure Groups = 197 Emergent Genres = 200 Major Directors = 215 Films of the Period = 220 Books on the Period = 221 12. British Wartime Semi-Documentaries, 1939-1945 = 223 Films of the Period = 233 Books on the Period = 234 13. Postwar Realism in Great Britain, the United States, and Italy, 1945-1952 = 235 Great Britain = 236 United States = 239 Italy = 241 Films of the Period = 249 Books on the Period = 250 14. Hollywood in the Forties, 1940-1952 = 252 Film Noir = 254 Liberalism, Communism, and Anti-Communism; the House Un-American Activities Committee and Blacklisting = 256 Three Directorial Case Studies = 261 Films of the Period = 266 Books on the Period = 268 15. Asian Film, 1951- = 270 Japan = 271 India = 286 Films of the Period = 290 Books on the Period = 291 16. The Film of the Auteur and the French New Wave, 1954- = 292 Auteurisme = 292 Three Auteurs = 296 New Wave = 305 Films of the Period = 317 Books on the Period = 318 17. New Italians, 1960- = 319 Relationships to the New Wave = 319 Roots in Neo-realism = 321 Three Film Makers = 322 Other Directors and Subsequent Films = 330 Films of the Period = 335 Books on the Period = 336 18. Eastern European Cinema, 1954- = 337 Poland = 339 Hungary = 343 Czechoslovakia = 345 Yugoslavia = 348 Films of the Period = 351 Books on the Period = 352 19. British Film, 1956- = 354 Social-Realist Features = 355 Gothic Tradition = 361 Americans Abroad = 366 Films of the Period = 372 Books on the Period = 373 20. Hollywood in Transition: The Industry, 1952- = 374 Television = 375 New Screen Processes = 378 Fall of the Studios and Rise of the Independents = 384 Internationalization = 386 Loosened Controls on Content = 388 Films of the Period through 1962) = 392 Books on the Period = 394 21. Third World Cinema and Recent National Movements, 1959- = 395 Films of the Period = 403 Books on the Period = 404 22. American Re-evaluation and Re-emergence: The Art, 1963- = 405 Re-evaluation = 405 Re-emergence = 417 Films of the Period = 429 Books on the Period = 431 Index = 433

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