Creating Special Effects

INTRODUCTION = 9 SOME USEFUL TOOLS = 10 Viewfinder Monochrome glass Colour chart Small-format movie-camera PROJECTED LIGHT EFFECTS = 12 Static projected effects Reflected light Moving projected effects MATTES AND GLASS SHOTS = 14 Matte shots Glass shots SCENIC PROJECTION = 16 Back projection Front axial projection Application CHROMA-KEY: COLOUR SEPARATION OVERLAY = 18 What it can do Limitations FILM CAMERAS = 20 Camera speeds Stop-frame and time-lapse cameras ANIMATION STAND CAMERA WORK = 22 Uses Preparation STOP-FRAME FILM ANIMATION = 24 The technique Puppet construction Points to remember LIVE ANIMATED DIAGRAMS = 26 Simple movements Flashes and patterns Fly-up movements FIFTY-FIFTY MIRRORS = 28 Ghost effects Axial lighting MIRRORED EFFECTS = 30 Extending the picture Changing direction Calculating reflective angles MIRROR FADES AND WIPES = 32 Cross-fade Wipe PERISCOPES AND KALEIDOSCOPES = 34 Periscope Underwater periscope Underwater lighting Kaleidoscope POLYSTYRENE FABRICATION AND MODELLING = 36 Cutting and shaping Joining Finishing PLASTIC FORMING MACHINES = 38 Expanded-polystyrene cutter Vacuum-forming machine PLASTER OF PARIS = 40 Mixing the plaster Release agents Miscellaneous PLASTER TURNING = 42 Horizontal method Vertical method MOULD MAKING = 44 How to make a two-piece mould Flexible moulds LATEX CASTING = 46 Casting latex Grade Finish Other uses GLASS FIBRE LAY-UPS AND CASTING RESIN = 48 Lay-up Casting Finishing MINIATURES = 50 Outdoors Indoors Movement Waterscape MODEL SHOTS = 52 Static scenic models Action models Materials MODEL SEAS = 54 Miniature sea Waves Horizon MODEL SHIPS = 56 Sub-frame Wakes and bow waves Outdoors Submarine shots WATER IN THE STUDIO = 58 Dump tanks Supplies Ornamental fountains DRY-ICE GENERATORS = 60 Simple generation Controlled generation Operational notes RADAR AND OSCILLOSCOPES = 62 Radar scanner Oscillographs Mock traces SCI-FI LIGHTS AND ELECTRIC FLASHES = 64 Flashing lights Revolving drum Rotating disc Electric spark LABORATORY AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS = 66 Chemical equipment Chemical reactions RAY GUNS AND BLASTERS = 68 Weapons Ray effects Target THE SMOKE GUN = 70 Electrically-heated gun Gas-heated gun Using the smoke gun PYROTECHNIC AND OTHER SMOKES = 72 Charcoal smoke Hot-wire smoke FLAMES = 74 Flaming brands Flame forks Imitation flame Flame-drum FIRE EFFECTS IN THE STUDIO = 76 Use of flame forks Smoke Flame drum FIRE EFFECTS IN THE OPEN = 78 Burning buildings Flame arks Petrolgel FIRES AND FURNACES = 80 Domestic hearth Furnaces and red-hot coals HOT AND MOLTEN METAL = 82 Pokers Pouring molten metal Flat iron Use of heated items TYPES OF EXPLOSIVES = 84 Initiation Storage and transport Uses FIRING BOXES AND EXPLODERS = 86 Uses Facilities Danger points Circuits Nail board PYROTECHNIC EXPLOSIONS = 88 Flat pack Maroons Mortar Large explosions SAFE STUDIO EXPLOSIONS 1. = 90 Whoofer Elasticated explosions SAFE STUDIO EXPLOSIONS 2. = 92 Falling weight Swinging weight A PYROTECHNIC MIXTURE = 94 Basic recipe Flashpowder Use PYROTECHNIC CONSTRUCTION = 96 Flash puff Thunderflash Ground maroon Fuses PYROFUSES AND BULLET HITS = 98 Bullet hits Pyrofuses BULLET EFFECTS IN SCENERY = 100 Walls Rocks Woodwork Direction BULLET EFFECTS ON VASES AND BOTTLES = 102 Using projectiles Using detonators Using the dropping weight BULLET EFFECTS IN GLASS AND MIRRORS = 104 Bullet effect by editing Capsule gun Shatter glass BULLET EFFECTS ON PEOPLE = 106 Bullet plates Blood Operation Viewpoint BULLET EFFECTS USING COMPRESSED AIR = 108 Capsule gun Sequence valve SAFETY PRECAUTIONS = 110 Pyrotechnic material Wiring up Flammables ARROWS = 112 Whip pan Flight line Spring-up arrow Reverse filming KNIVES = 114 Knife-throwing act Compressed-air knife thrower Safe knives SWORDS AND DAGGERS = 116 Dagger Fixed dagger Retractable sword Blood spurt BREAKING WINDOWS = 118 Windows for jumping through Simulated broken windows Shock-wave BREAKING BOTTLES, CROCKERY AND CHAIRS = 120 Bottles Cups, saucers and vases Chairs and stools Plaster BREAKING AND COLLAPSING SCENERY = 122 Falling shelves Brick walls Collapsing floor Mine shaft collapse POPPING CORKS AND SHAKING EQUIPMENT = 124 Popping corks Shaking equipment WIND AND BUZZARDS = 126 Snow blizzard Wind Superimposition Film loop SNOW, FROST AND ICE = 128 Falling snow Snow on the ground Frost Ice FOG AND MIST = 130 A foggy night A foggy day Vignette Superimposed effects RAIN = 132 Rain in the studio Rain down a window Exterior rain sequences Rain loop COBWEBS = 134 Cobweb gun Applying cobwebs The mixture DESTRUCTION OF AUTOMOBILES = 136 Destruction by fire Exploding vehicle Smoke from a travelling automobile Steam from a radiator LAVA, QUICKSAND AND SWAMPS = 138 Hot lava Quicksand Swamps SOME SPECIAL PLANTS = 140 Wilting flowers Falling blooms Falling fruit Leaping flowers DEMONSTRATION MODELS = 142 Materials Exaggeration NUMERICAL INDICATORS = 144 Theatrical display Segmental display Edge-lit display Switch unit PHOTOGRAPHS ON THE SCREEN = 146 Model shots Props REMOTE CONTROL = 148 Electric ignition Solenoids Trick Line Bowden cable Air balloon OPTICAL PRINTING = 150 Optical mattes Selected frames Comic animation FURTHER READING = 153 GLOSSARY = 155

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