Student Filmmaker's Handbook

INTRODUCTION = 1 WHICH FILM SHOULD I USE = 7 ANATOMY OF A DATA SHEET = 8 Film Types, Names, and Numbers = 8 Film Descriptions = 13 Negative Camera Films = 13 Exposure Information = 13 Exposure Index = 13 Exposure Latitude = 14 Illumination (Incident Light) Table = 14 Lighting Contrast Ratios = 14 Reciprocity Characteristics = 15 Filter Factors = 16 Color Balance = 16 Printing Conditions = 17 SENSITOMETRIC AND IMAGE STRUCTURE DATA = 18 Understanding Sensitometric Information = 18 Characteristic Curves = 20 General Curve Regions = 23 Curve Values = 24 Color Sensitivity and Spectral Sensitivity = 27 Spectral-Dye-Density Curves = 29 Image Structure = 31 Modulation-Transfer Curve = 31 Graininess and Granularity = 33 Measuring RMS Granularity = 35 Factors That Affect Graininess = 37 Granularity and Color Materials = 37 Some Practical Effects of Graininess and Granularity = 37 Resolving Power = 38 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS = 40 Film Base = 40 Antihalation Backing = 40 Edge Numbers = 41 Dimensional Change Characteristics = 45 Temporary Size Change = 45 Moisture = 45 Temperature = 46 Rates of Temporary Change = 46 Swell During Processing = 46 Permanent Size Change = 47 Raw Stock Shrinkage = 47 Processing Shrinkage = 47 Aging Shrinkage = 47 Other Physical Characteristics = 48 Curl = 48 Buckling and Fluting = 48 STORAGE OF RAW AND EXPOSED HLM = 50 Raw Stock in Original Package = 50 Temperature = 50 Radiation = 50 Gases and Vapors = 51 Relative Humidity = 51 Handling = 51 Unprocessed Film before and after Exposure = 52 General Concerns = 52 Temperature = 52 Gases and Radiation = 52 Relative Humidity = 52 Handling = 52 ROLLS AVAILABLE = 53 CORES AND SPOOLS = 54 WINDING = 56 PERFORATIONS = 57 Sizes and Shapes = 57 Perforation Types = 60 35 mm and 60 mm End Use = 60 16 mm End Use = 60 Optimum Pitch for Printing = 61 Projection Print Aspect Ratios = 61 FILM IDENTIFICATION = 63 Unprocessed Film = 63 How to Read a Film Can Label = 64 Processed Film = 65 Know our Films = 65 Test Exposures = 65 To Provide a Reference Point = 66 For Locations with Unfamiliar Lighting = 67 To Establish a Reference with You and Your Laboratory = 68 To Evaluate Specific End-Use Appearance = 68 To Determine the ’’Look" of the Finished Job = 68 To Check Specific Color Reproduction = 68 FILTRATION = 71 Filters Useful with All Camera Films = 72 Polarizing Filters = 72 Neutral Density Filters = 73 Filters for Black-and-White Films = 74 Correction Filters = 74 Contrast Filters = 74 Haze Filters = 75 Filters for Color Films = 75 Selecting Filters for Correcting Color Temperature = 76 Light Source Conversion with Filters = 78 Light Balancing Filters = 79 Conversion Filters = 80 Limits to Color Temperature Measurement = 80 Ultraviolet-Absorbing and Haze-Cutting Filters = 80 Color Compensating Filters for Color Correction = 83 Combining Color Compensating Filters = 83 Exposure Allowance for Filters = 84 Filters for Color Printing = 85 MOTION-PICTURE SOUND RECORDING = 86 A Brief History of Sound = 86 Magnetic and Photographic Sound = 90 Photographic Tracks = 90 Basics of Photographic Sound = 91 Photographic Sound-Track Reproduction = 92 PROJECTION = 93 Handling and Inspection of Motion-Picture Prints = 93 Common Causes of Abrasion and Wear = 93 Excessive Tension = 93 Misalignment of Film in the Projector = 94 Creased Edges = 94 Run-Offs and Roping = 94 Abrasion and Dirt = 94 Cleaning Motion-Picture Prints = 95 DEALING WITH A MOTION-PICTURE LABORATORY = 96 Tips on Selecting a Laboratory = 96 Laboratory Services: A Walk-Through = 98 MOTION-PICTURE LABORATORY OPERATIONS = 102 Processing Equipment = 102 Construction of Containers = 102 Transport Design = 102 Access Time = 103 Time and Temperature = 104 Agitation = 104 Mechanical Specifications = 105 Process Control = 105 MARKETING A FILM = 107 Film as a Business Tool = 107 Potential Clients = 108 Client’s Communication Requirements = 110 Reaching Agreement on Need for Film = 110 DISTRIBUTION AND PROMOTION = 113 General Market Considerations = 114 Educational = 114 Special Interest = 115 Broadcast Television = 115 Cable Television = 115 Vacation Resorts = 116 Film Ingredients = 116 Running Time = 116 Professional Versus Industrial Talent = 116 Film Content = 117 Distributor Services = 117 Promotional Ideas = 117 Print Inventory = 117 Supporting Materials = 118 Film Maintenance = 118 GLOSSARY OF MOTION-PICTURE TERMS = 119

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