THE TECHNIQUE of LIGHTING FOR TELEVISION AND MOTION PICTURES

PREFACE = 9 1. THE NATURE OF LIGHT = 11 The electromagnetic spectrum = 12 White light = 13 Basic light attributes = 20 Achromatic values = 21 Tonal gradation and tonal contrast = 23 Surface brightness = 28 Polarisation = 36 Coloured surfaces and coloured light = 37 Trichromatic colour mixture = 42 Colour specification = 44 Tristimulus primaries = 44 C.I.E. chromaticity diagram = 47 2. THE EYE AND THE VISUAL WORLD = 48 The eye and the camera = 48 The eye = 50 Brightness adaptation = 52 Colour adaptation = 54 Constancy phenomena = 54 Colour assessment = 58 Colour and depth = 59 Colour detail and distance = 59 Colour attraction = 61 Colour harmony = 61 Colour memory = 62 Colour associations = 63 3. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LIGHTING = 64 Perception and selection = 64 Principal characteristics of lighting = 65 Shadows = 73 Functions of lighting = 74 The fundamental lighting process = 82 Productional use of lights = 88 4. TOOLS OF LIGHTING = 90 Luminants = 90 Light fittings—luminaires = 98 Hand-held lamps = 106 Reflectors = 108 Background lighting = 109 Lamp supports = 110 Beam-shape control = 119 Light restriction = 120 Controlling light intensity = 122 5. PORTRAITURE-STATIC = 133 Emotional reactions to portraiture = 133 Specifying lamp position = 135 The basic effect of lamp positions = 136 Portrait lighting defects = 141 Developing portrait lighting = 143 Filler (fill-light) = 155 Supplementary lighting = 160 The realities of portraiture = 162 Types of portraiture = 163 Group portraiture = 167 ‘Natural’ lighting = 171 6. PORTRAITURE-DYNAMIC TREATMENT = 173 The nature of dynamic treatment = 173 Lighting action areas = 174 The dilemma of lighting movement = 176 Methods of lighting for movement = 179 7. STILL-LIFE = 183 The varying nature of still-life = 183 Scrutinise the familiar = 183 Distorting reality = 184 Concentrating attention = 188 Lighting common materials = 188 8. PERSUASIVE LIGHTING = 191 The intangibility of lighting = 191 First impressions = 192 Lighting style = 194 Pictorial effect = 196 Approaches to pictorial treatment = 197 Inducive lighting = 202 Atmospheric treatment = 207 Lighting transformations = 225 9. LIGHTING THE SCENE = 233 Natural light = 233 Lighting on location = 238 Lighting in the studio = 243 The setting = 245 Surface treatment = 247 Set features = 256 Lighting balance = 273 Lighting quandaries = 277 The camera-light = 284 Analysing lighting treatment = 286 Setting lamps = 287 10. MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION TECHNIQUES = 289 The hybrid arts = 289 Basic motion picture mechanics = 290 Basic television studio mechanics = 295 11. EFFECTS = 329 Light effects = 329 Image distortion = 334 Water = 337 Scenic projection and insertion = 338 Transformations = 344 Follow shots = 346 Model shots = 348 Graphics = 349 12. PICTURE CONTROL = 351 Exposure = 351 Motion picture processing = 360 Television video control = 362 Colour continuity = 371 Colour discrepancies = 372 Light measurement = 375 APPENDIX A: Typical light intensities = 382 APPENDIX B: Formulae = 383 APPENDIX C: Cable connections = 384 FURTHER READING = 385 INDEX = 387

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