The Basic Book of Photography

Smile, Say “Cheese” = xv 1. Operating Your Camera = 1 The “Best” Camera = 2 The 35mm Revolution = 4 Rangefinder or Reflex = 6 Protecting the Camera = 11 Protecting the Lens = 14 Holding the Camera = 16 Loading the Camera—For Sure = 20 Changing Partially Exposed Rolls = 22 Making Multiple Exposures = 23 Understanding Film Speeds (ASA) = 26 Comprehending Shutter Speeds = 30 Adjusting Lens Openings = 33 Figuring Focus = 38 Dealing with Depth of Field = 41 2. Determining Exposure = 51 Exposure Meter Facts = 55 Center-Weighted Versus Averaging Versus Spot Meters = 59 Making Accurate Exposures = 67 Hand-held Versus Built-in Meters = 69 The Exposure Value System = 71 Automatic Exposure Cameras = 72 Correction for Exposure Errors = 74 3. Choosing Lenses = 79 Mounting Lenses = 83 Pricing Lenses = 84 Telephoto Tips = 85 Zoom Lenses = 90 Working with Wide-Angle Lenses = 93 Macro Lenses = 96 Close-up Lens Concerns = 97 4. Figuring Flash = 101 Using Electronic Flash = 102 Using Flashbulbs = 105 Flash Cords and Contacts = 106 Synchronizing Flash = 107 Testing Synchronization = 109 Figuring Correct Flash Exposures = 110 Flash Techniques = 113 Practical Considerations with Flash = 119 5. Selecting Films = 122 Speeds of Film = 123 Sizes of Film = 123 Types of Film = 125 Development of Films = 128 Popular Films Currently Available = 130 6. Using Filters = 134 Filter Factors = 134 Three Filters for All Films = 137 Filters for Black-and-White Photography = 140 Filters for Color Photography = 143 7. Buying Accessory Equipment = 149 Gadget Bag Concerns = 151 Tripod Facts and Uses = 152 8. Using Convenience Cameras = 158 Kodak’s Pocket Instamatics = 158 Films for Pocket Cameras = 160 Improvements in Pocket Cameras = 160 Advanced 110 Cameras = 162 Tips for Using Pocket Cameras = 163 Older Instamatic Cameras = 165 Pocket Camera Future = 166 9. Working with Instant Cameras = 168 Comparing Instant Print Films = 169 Polaroid Land Cameras = 171 Kodak’s Instant Cameras = 175 10. Composing Effective Photographs = 179 Pictures with a Purpose = 179 Have a Center of Interest = 182 Put the Main Subject Off Center = 182 Get In Close = 183 Keep the Horizon Straight = 185 Watch, the Background = 186 Check All Angles = 187 Try Leading Lines = 189 Frame the Subject = 190 Vary the Format = 191 Include Size Indicators = 193 More Elements of a Good Photograph = 194 Focus for Effect = 194 Expose Accurately = 196 Include Some Action = 196 Use Good Timing = 203 Consider Color = 205 Use Your Imagination = 207 11. Learning About Lighting = 211 Basic Types of Lighting = 212 Outdoor Lighting Concerns = 214 Indoor Portrait Lighting = 219 12. Photographing Under Special Conditions = 223 Shooting with Existing Light and at Night = 223 Creating Close-ups and Making Copies = 229 Having Fun with Infrared Films = 237 Making Multiple Exposures = 239 Flying with Your Camera = 243 Adventuring Underwater with a Camera = 246 Shooting Through Binoculars = 250 Trying a Telescope = 251 Working with a Microscope = 252 Using Auto Winders, Motor Drives and Remote Controls = 253 13. Traveling with a Camera = 256 Equipment to Take = 256 Film Brands and Prices = 262 Which Film Speeds? = 262 How Much Film? = 263 Protecting Film = 263 Mailing Film = 264 Identifying Film = 264 Government Regulations = 265 U.S. Customs Considerations = 265 Buying Equipment Abroad = 266 Some Practical Advice = 269 What to Photograph = 271 14. Processing Films and Prints = 277 Color Concerns = 277 Black-and-White Considerations = 278 Print Sizes = 279 Print Quality = 279 Choice of Results = 279 Local and Overseas Service = 280 Analyzing Faults with Your Photographs = 280 Overexposure = 281 Underexposure = 281 No Exposure = 281 Other Errors = 282 Processing in Black-and-White = 285 Developing Film = 286 Printing Contact Proof Sheets = 290 Selecting Enlarging Papers = 293 Choosing an Enlarger = 295 Making Enlargements = 299 15. Showing Off Photographs = 306 Editing = 306 Making Display Prints = 306 Mounting Prints = 308 Projecting Slides = 309 16. Finding Yourself in Photography = 319 Appendix A: A Glossary of Photographic Terms = 322 Appendix B: Weights and Measures = 337 Index = 340

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