CINE CRAFT

Foreword = 9 1. Simple Rules of Filming = 10 Get your lighting right = 10 Frame your subject = 11 Let the subject move = 11 Keep the camera still = 12 Take plenty of close-ups = 13 Vary your viewpoint = 13 Take shots of different lengths = 14 Make your film tell a story = 14 2. The Cine Camera = 16 Gauge and format = 16 16 mm = 16 9.5 mm = 17 Standard 8 = 17 Super 8 = 18 Single 8 = 19 Widescreen = 20 Stereoscopy = 20 Loading the camera = 21 Motor = 23 Running speeds = 23 Exposure system = 24 Lenses and focal length = 25 Lens accessories = 27 Viewfinder = 27 Rangefinder = 28 Filters = 28 Camera stands = 29 Cases = 30 3. The Film and the Lighting = 31 Colour = 31 Monochrome 3 = 3 Equipment for lighting = 33 4. Equipment for the Later Stages = 35 Editing equipment = 35 Animated viewer = 35 Splicer 3 = 6 Editing rack = 37 Titling equipment = 37 Titling materials = 37 Horizontal titler = 38 Vertical titler = 40 Animation rostrum = 41 Animation desk = 42 5. Equipment for Projection = 43 Projector = 43 Screen = 45 6. Equipment for Sound Recording = 47 Record player = 47 High-fidelity sound systems = 48 Tape recorder = 48 Accessories = 53 Synchronization equipment = 54 Tape and film synchronizers = 54 Sound projector = 57 7. The Personal Film = 60 Spontaneous filming = 60 The family film = 60 Outings on film = 62 The holiday film = 65 8. The Factual Film = 69 The travel film = 69 The newsreel = 70 The documentary film = 71 9. The Fiction Film = 74 The challenge of fiction = 74 Planning a plot = 74 Theme = 75 Setting = 77 Character = 79 Ambition = 79 Motivation = 80 Plant = 80 Obstacle = 81 Conflict = 81 Climax = 82 Dénouement = 82 Sequence of events = 83 Stories from literature = 84 Choosing a title = 84 10. The Film Unit = 86 Getting together = 86 Film-making duties = 86 The cast = 87 11. Theme, Treatment and Script = 91 Theme = 91 Treatment = 91 Shooting script = 92 12. Planning Shots and Sequences = 95 Distance = 95 Viewpoint = 96 Change of distance = 98 Change of viewpoint = 99 Jump cut = 100 Camera and lens movement = 103 Time flexibility = 107 Reaction shots = 110 Action sequences = 113 Transitions = 116 Special effects = 118 Breakdown = 119 13. On Location = 121 Using the cine camera = 121 Exposure = 121 Focusing = 123 Taking a shot = 125 Using different focal lengths = 129 Composition = 130 Moving the camera = 131 Continuity of lighting = 132 Continuity of content = 133 Continuity of position = 133 Continuity of movement = 134 Filming special effects = 136 14. On the Set = 140 Indoor settings = 140 Building a set = 141 Filming by available light = 142 Using cine lighting = 145 Publicity stills = 147 15. Editing = 148 Using editing equipment = 148 Stages in film editing = 149 Viewing the rushes = 149 Making the rough cut = 149 Fine editing = 151 Creative editing = 152 Editing in camera = 153 Editing a scripted film = 154 16. Titling = 157 Why make titles? = 157 Captions = 157 Credits = 158 Inserts = 158 Dialogue sub-titles = 159 End titles = 160 Making location titles = 160 Dimensions for indoor titling = 162 Lettering and layout = 164 Filming the titles = 167 Special titling effects = 168 17. Animation = 172 Continuous filming of solid subjects = 172 Continuous filming of flat subjects = 173 Animation of solid subjects = 174 Animation of flat subjects = 175 Animation with cut-outs = 177 Animation with cells = 179 Drawing on film = 183 18. Planning for Sound = 184 Sound and the cine film = 184 Films with sound, or sound films? = 184 The definitive shooting script = 185 Writing a commentary = 185 Writing a narrative = 188 Writing dialogue = 189 Planning sound effects = 192 Planning for music = 193 The provisional sound script = 197 19. Recording = 198 Using sound equipment = 198 Direct tape method = 198 Pilot tape method = 201 Preliminary recording = 202 The definitive sound script = 204 Dubbing = 206 Inter-track transfer = 210 Tape splicing = 210 Further modifications = 211 Advanced sound systems = 212 20. Using Stripe = 213 Direct method = 213 Building up on tape = 213 Tape to stripe = 214 Sound quality on stripe = 216 21. Presenting the Film = 217 Home movie show = 217 Shows in clubrooms and halls = 219 Where do we go from here? = 221 Truants’ Trail = 223 Theme = 223 Treatment = 223 Sound script = 225 Breakdown = 237 Index = 240

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