The Technique of Documentary Film Production

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본제목

The Technique of Documentary Film Production

부제목

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대등제목

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국가구분

국외

생산일자

1975-**-**

언어

영어

크기(mm)

142 x 221

페이지

283쪽

ISBN/ISSN

0240509158

판차

4판

마스터파일

-

생산자

James Hurt (저자), Focal Press (발행처)

내용

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목차

목차

PREFACE / Paul Rotha = 7 INTRODUCTION TO THE THIRD EDITION = 9 1. PREPARATION OF THE SCRIPT = 12 The Film Treatment = 13 Subject Research = 14 The Shooting Script = 15 Script Terminology = 16 Scripting the Unpredictable = 19 2. THE BREAKDOWN SCRIPT = 30 3. BUDGETING A DOCUMENTARY FILM = 33 Cost of Materials = 36 Travelling Expenses = 38 Music Royalties = 39 Hire of Equipment and Facilities = 39 Insurance = 40 Production Time = 41 Overheads = 42 Margin of Profit = 43 Submitting the Quotation = 43 Checking the Cost = 44 A Typical Budget = 44 4. PLANNING A DOCUMENTARY = 47 Lighting = 47 Mixed Light = 47 Personnel = 51 Television Documentaries = 54 Obtaining Outside Services = 55 Background Music = 55 Hiring Actors = 56 Costume = 57 Wigs, Beards and Moustaches = 58 Make-up = 58 Studios, Sets, Furniture and Props = 59 Hiring Commentators = 59 Library Material = 60 The Shooting Schedule = 61 5. CHOICE OF CAMERA EQUIPMENT AND FILMSTOCK = 64 35 mm. or 16 mm. = 64 Super-8 mm. = 66 Choice of Filmstock = 68 Choice of Camera = 71 The Continuous Reflex Camera = 72 Blimped Cameras = 76 Choice of Lenses = 77 Non-zoom Lenses = 79 Aperture = 79 Selecting Filters = 81 Filters for Black-and-White = 84 Polaroid Filters = 86 Matte Box = 86 Exposure Meters = 88 Tripods = 90 The "Spider" = 92 Camera Dolly = 93 Unipods and Shoulder Pods = 93 Reflectors = 93 Other Accessories = 94 6. SHOOTING = 95 Rules and Conventions of Film Assembly = 96 Division of Subject-Matter into Separate Shots = 97 Sequence of Shots = 98 Planning Camera Angles = 101 Continuity Between Shots = 103 Condensing Time = 104 Directing People = 105 Liaison During Production = 107 Conventions of Movement = 109 Overlapping Action = 110 The "Cut-Away" = 111 Breaking the Rules = 113 Dope Sheets = 115 Exposing the Film = 117 Choice of Lens = 118 Camera Angle and Viewpoint = 119 Use of the Tripod = 119 Camera Jams = 121 7. SHOOTING A DOCUMENTARY OVERSEAS = 122 Production Hazards to be Considered = 123 Customs Requirements = 125 Health Considerations = 126 Dispatching Rushes = 126 Safeguards Against Tropical Conditions = 127 Problems of Extreme Humidity = 128 Budgeting a Film Overseas = 129 8. LIGHTING ON LOCATION = 131 Types of Lighting = 131 Overrun Photographic Lamps = 132 Lighting Large Areas = 132 Metal Halide Lamps = 133 The Problems of Mixed Light = 134 Lighting Contrast = 138 Diffusers = 139 Use of Reflectors = 139 Filming with Very Limited Light = 140 Working on Remote Locations = 141 Achieving Colour Balance with Artificial Lighting = 142 9. SOUND RECORDING = 145 Perforated Magnetic Film = 146 Transferring Sound from Tape to Film = 149 Single System Cameras = 150 "Wild Recordings" = 151 The Problems of Extraneous Sounds = 152 Placing the Microphone for Synchronous Shooting = 153 Problems with Acoustics on Location = 155 Assessing Acoustic Qualities = 157 When Acceptable Results are Impossible to Obtain = 158 Choice of Microphone = 158 Recording Speech = 160 Recording Music = 161 Single-Microphone and Multi-Microphone Techniques = 161 Methods of Synchronizing Sound Recorded at the Same Time as Picture = 163 Recording Synchronous Sound with an Independent Recorder = 164 10. GRAPHICS AND ANIMATION = 166 Titles = 166 Filming Titles = 167 Superimposing Titles = 167 Adding Fades and Dissolves = 169 Stop Action and Animation = 169 Cartoon-style Animation = 170 Simple Animation = 173 Stop Action = 175 Filming Stills, Drawings and Paintings = 176 Camera Movement as a Substitute for Animation = 178 11. EDITING = 180 Obtaining a Work-Print = 180 Edge Numbers = 181 First Assembly = 182 Screening Rushes with Synchronous Sound = 184 Screening the Rough Assembly = 186 Editing Picture and Synchronous Sound = 186 Rules of Editing = 189 Marking Up the Work Print = 191 Marking Up for Opticals = 191 Master Matching = 192 Preparing the Master for Opticals = 194 A and B Roll Assembly = 195 "Checkerboard" Printing = 196 Cueing for Release Printing = 198 Leaders = 199 Marking Up for Printing = 200 12. THE SOUND TRACK = 201 The Commentary Script = 201 Writing Commentary to Picture = 202 Basic Rules of Commentary Writing = 203 Style in Commentary Writing = 204 Blending Commentary with Visuals = 205 Integrating the Commentary and Visuals = 208 Recording the Commentary to Picture = 208 Cueing the Commentator = 209 Cueing the Work-Print = 210 Cueing by Footage = 211 Placing of Commentary in Relation to Picture = 212 Avoiding Paper Rustle = 214 Dealing with "Fluffs" = 215 The Commentator’s Style = 216 Need for Rehearsal = 216 Handling the Recorded Commentary Track = 217 Post-Synchronous Recording of Dialogue to Picture = 217 Recording to Picture Loops = 218 Laying the Commentary = 218 Using the Synchronizer with Track Reader = 220 Bringing the Commentary and Picture into Precise Synchronism = 221 Cutting in Retakes = 222 Running Double-Headed = 223 The Music Track = 224 Library Music = 224 Laying Magnetic Music Tracks = 226 Mixing Music from Discs = 227 Music Royalties = 228 Effects = 228 The Sound Effects Library = 230 Mixing the Various Sound Tracks = 230 Sound Loops = 231 Simpler Methods of Mixing = 232 Checking Synchronism During Mixing = 233 Producing the Optical Track = 234 Characteristics of Optical Tracks = 235 Cueing for Printing = 236 Blooping Joins in Optical Tracks = 238 Checking Track Quality in the Print = 238 13. OBTAINING PRINTS = 240 Checking the Grading = 240 Checking Colour Quality = 242 Joins in Release Prints = 244 Sound Quality = 244 Obtaining Release Prints = 245 Printing from Dupe Negatives = 245 35 mm. Colour Release Prints = 245 16 mm. Colour Release Prints = 248 Comparative Costs of Different Methods = 249 Fragile Emulsions = 249 Release Prints on Both 35 mm. and 16 mm. = 250 Magnetic Sound Prints = 252 8 mm. Sound Prints = 253 Video Tape = 254 Spooling Up = 254 14. DISTRIBUTION = 256 Cinema Distribution = 257 Selling Films to Television = 257 The Non-Theatrical Market = 260 Distributing the Sponsored Film = 260 Setting Up the Sponsor’s Own Library = 261 The Sponsored Film in Education = 262 15. CONCLUSION = 263 GLOSSARY OF TERMS = 266 INDEX = 273

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