TELEVISION PRODUCTION

Preface = xi 1. Introduction to TV Production = 1 1.1. Techniques and Disciplines = 1 1.2. Development of a Professional Attitude = 2 1.3. Production Levels = 5 1.4. Production Approaches = 9 1.5. A Quick Survey of the Tools and Working Areas = 12 1.6. Producing and Directing = 17 1.7. Training Exercise = 20 2. The Audio System: Signal Flow and Technical Control = 21 2.1. Technical and Creative Functions of Audio = 21 2.2. The Seven Basic Control Functions = 22 2.3. Audio Signal Flow = 30 2.4. Sources of TV Audio = 33 2.5. Training Exercises = 38 3. Audio Equipment and Creative Production Techniques = 39 3.1. The Microphone: Function and Construction = 39 3.2. Microphone Usage Categories = 43 3.3. Using the Microphone = 46 3.4. Adding Other Audio Sources = 48 3.5. Production Techniques = 53 3.6. Training Exercises and Class Audio Project = 56 4. TV Lighting Equipment and Techniques = 59 4.1. Types of Light: Incident and Reflected = 59 4.2. Lighting Objectives: Basic Illumination = 60 4.3. Lighting Objectives: Creative Purposes = 65 4.4. Types of Lighting Instruments = 67 4.5. Fundamental Lighting Concepts = 71 4.6. Studio Lighting Procedures = 79 4.7. Training Exercises = 86 5. Camera Structure and Lens Design = 89 5.1. Video Signal Flow and Control Functions = 89 5.2. The Camera Tube = 91 5.3. The Receiver Picture Tube = 94 5.4. Lens Characteristics = 97 5.5. The Zoom Lens = 103 5.6. Training Exercises = 106 6. Camera Operations and Production Techniques = 109 6.1. Camera Movement = 109 6.2. Camera Perspectives = 117 6.3. Picture Composition = 120 6.4. Operating Techniques = 123 6.5. Training Exercises = 126 7. The Switcher: Disciplines of the Technical Director = 127 7.1. The Principle of the Switcher = 127 7.2. Cuts, Dissolves, Fades, and Supers = 131 7.3. Preview and Preset Switcher Functions = 132 7.4. Special Electronic Effects = 137 7.5. Commands of Preparation and Execution = 141 7.6. Training Exercise and Class Production Project = 144 8. Videotape Recording and Editing Techniques = 147 8.1. The Principles of Videotape Recording = 147 8.2. Quadruplex Videotape Recorders = 150 8.3. Helical-Scan Videotape Recorders = 153 8.4. The Basics of Electronic Editing = 158 8.5. Electronic Editing Techniques = 159 8.6. Training Exercises = 168 9. Pictorial Elements: Sets and Graphics = 169 9.1. The Concept of Pictorial Design = 169 9.2. The Staging Design = 175 9.3. Using Sets and Scenic Elements = 179 9.4. Principles of Graphics Design = 185 9.5. Construction and Use of Graphics = 191 9.6. Training Exercises = 196 10. On-Camera Talent: The Performer and Actor = 197 10.1. Working with Talent = 197 10.2. The Television Performer = 198 10.3. The Television Actor = 206 10.4. Clothing and Costumes = 209 10.5. Television Makeup = 210 10.6. Training Exercises = 213 11. The Production Crew = 215 11.1. The Associate Director = 215 11.2. The Stage Manager = 221 11.3. Other Crew Positions = 225 11.4. Training Exercise = 232 12. Directing Your First TV Production = 235 12.1. Principles of Picture Continuity = 235 12.2. Continuity and Transitions = 241 12.3. Basic Camera Patterns = 243 12.4. The Television Script = 246 12.5. Production Project: The Discussion Program = 253 13. Directing Techniques for Various Formats = 261 13.1. From Planning to Postproduction = 261 13.2. Production of the Musical Number = 268 13.3. Production of the Dramatic Sequence = 270 13.4. Full Facilities Production Project = 273 13.5. A Wrap-up and Summary = 274 Appendixes A. Electromagnetic Waves = 277 B. The Overtone Series = 281 C. Hand and Arm Signals = 285 D. Production Projects = 289 Glossary = 327 Bibliography = 345 Index = 347

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