EASTMAN Professional Motion Pictures Films

INTRODUCTION = 4 SELECTING YOUR FILMS = 6 Format = 6 Number of Finished Prints = 6 The Finished Form of the Picture = 6 Lighting = 6 Filtration = 6 Processing and Printing Facilities = 6 FILM DATASHEETS = 6 FILM TYPES, NAMES, AND NUMBERS = 11 FILM DESCRIPTIONS = 11 Negative Camera Films = 11 BASE = 11 Manufacture of Film Base = 11 Antihalation Backing = 12 Edge Numbers – Key Numbers – Prior to 1990 = 12 EASTMAN KEYKODE Numbers = 12 Dimensional Change Characteristics = 16 Temporary Dimensional Change = 17 Moisture = 17 Temperature = 17 Rates of Temporary Change = 17 Swell During Processing = 17 Permanent Size Change = 17 Raw Stock Shrinkage = 17 Processing Shrinkage = 17 Aging Shrinkage = 18 Other Physical Characteristics = 18 Curl = 18 Buckling and Fluting = 18 DARKROOM RECOMMENDATIONS = 18 Safelight Filter Testing = 19 EXPOSURE INFORMATION = 19 Exposure Index / DIN = 19 Exposure Latitude = 19 Color Balance = 19 Exposure Table / Filter Factor = 19 Filter Factor = 20 Illumination (Incident Light) Table = 20 Reciprocity Characteristics = 20 Lighting Contrast Ratios = 21 Image Structure = 21 Understanding Graininess and Granularity = 21 KODAK T-GRAIN® Emulsions = 23 Measuring RMS Granularity = 24 Factors That Affect Graininess = 25 Granularity and Color Materials = 25 Some Practical Effects of Graininess and Granularity = 26 Resolving Power = 26 PROCESSING = 27 General = 27 Force Processing = 27 Laboratory Aim Density (LAD) Control Method = 27 Film-to-Video Transfer = 27 STORAGE OF RAW AND EXPOSED FILM = 28 Raw Stock in Original Package = 28 Radiation = 28 Airports = 28 Foreign Travel = 28 Ambient Background Radiation = 28 Gases and Vapors = 28 Relative Humidity = 28 Handling = 29 Unprocessed Film Before and After Exposure = 29 General Concerns = 29 Temperature = 29 Gases and Radiation = 29 Relative Humidity = 30 Handling = 30 SENSITOMETRIC AND IMAGE-STRUCTURE DATA = 30 Understanding Sensitometric Information = 30 Characteristic Curves = 31 General Curve Regions = 35 Curve Values = 36 Flashing Camera Films = 37 Modulation-Transfer Curve = 38 Spectral Sensitivity = 39 Spectral-Dye-Density Curves = 41 Printing Conditions = 41 Sound-Track Printing = 41 SIZES AVAILABLE = 41 Cores and Spools = 42 Winding = 43 Perforations = 43 Why All the Sizes and Shapes? = 43 Optimum Pitch for Printing = 46 Projection Print Aspect Ratios = 46 FILM IDENTIFICATION = 47 Unprocessed Film = 47 Processed Film = 48 Year of Film Manufacture Date Code Symbols = 48 Film Product Edgeprint Identification = 48 Nitrate and Acetate Base = 49 GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR FILMS = 50 TEST EXPOSURES = 50 Emulsion Coating = 51 On-Location Lighting = 51 Specific End-Use Appearance = 51 Determine the “Look” of the Finished Job = 52 Specific Color Reproduction = 52 FILTRATION = 54 Filters Useful with Camera Films = 54 Polarizing Filters = 54 Neutral Density Filters = 54 Correction Filters for Black-and-White Films = 56 Filters for Color Films = 57 Selecting Filters for Correcting Color Temperature = 58 Light Source Conversion with Filters = 58 Limits to Color Temperature Measurement = 60 Ultraviolet-Absorbing and Haze-Cutting Filters = 60 Color Compensating Filters for Color Correction = 60 Filters for Color Printing = 62 Motion Picture Sound = 62 THEATRICAL SOUND = 63 Photographic Tracks = 63 Basics of Photographic Sound = 63 Photographic Sound-Track Reproduction = 64 Optical Digital Sound = 64 PROJECTION = 64 Handling and Inspection of Prints = 65 Common Causes of Abrasion and Wear = 65 Excessive Tension = 65 Misalignment of Film in the Projector = 65 Creased Edges = 65 Run-Offs and Roping = 65 Abrasions and Dirt = 65 Lubrication = 65 35 mm and 70 mm Films = 66 16 mm and 8 mm Films = 66 Non-Solvent Cleaning = 66 Continuous Film-Cleaning System = 66 PRESERVATION OF PROCESSED FILM = 66 Composition = 66 Processing = 67 Storage = 67 Medium-Term Storage = 67 Long-Term Storage = 67 General Storage = 67 DEALING WITH A LABORATORY = 68 Tips on Selecting a Laboratory = 68 Laboratory Services: A Walk-Through = 69 Film-to-Video Transfer = 70 LABORATORY OPERATIONS = 70 Processing Equipment = 70 Construction of Containers = 71 Transport Design = 71 Time and Temperature = 71 Agitation = 72 Mechanical Specifications = 72 Process Control = 73 Force Processing = 73 Processes = 74 Black-and-White Negative or Positive = 74 Black-and-White Reversal = 74 Color Negative or Positive = 75 Color Reversal = 76 Processing Solutions = 77 Mixing Solutions = 77 Agitating Solutions = 77 Cleanliness = 77 Storage Conditions = 77 Physical Handling = 77 Ecology = 77 Silver Recovery = 78 Disposal of Processing Wastes = 78 Sewers = 78 Septic Tanks = 78 Lagoons = 78 Biological Treatment Plants = 78 Bleach Reconstitution and Regeneration = 79 Water Conservation = 79 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM KODAK = 79 MOTION PICTURE FILM CLEANING = 79 Non-Solvent Cleaning = 79 MOTION PICTURE PRINTING = 80 Printers = 80 Continuous-Contact Printer = 80 Step-Contact Printer = 81 Step-Optical Printer = 81 Continuous-Optical Printer = 81 Wet-Gate Printing = 81 Printing Operations = 82 Image Orientation: Choosing a Duplicating Method = 82 Black-and-White Printing = 82 Color Printing = 83 Additive and Subtractive Printing = 88 Color Timing = 88 Additive Timing = 89 Subtractive Timing = 89 Motion Picture Laboratory Control of Color Duplication = 89 High Resolution Electronic Intermediate Duplicating System = 89 Applications = 90 Sound-Track Printing = 90 APPENDIX = 92 ANSI Standards = 92 GLOSSARY / INDEX = 99 More Information = 107 Books of Special Interest = 108 Datasheet Request Form = 109 Addresses for Eastman Kodak Company, Motion Picture and Television Imaging = 111

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