Film

Preface and Acknowledgments = 12 PART Ⅰ : EMERGENCE OF CINEMA = 14 1 : Cinema, Society, and Science = 16 The Prehistory of Cinema = 16 Recorded Movement = 18 Projected Films = 25 The Advent of Motion Pictures = 26 Early Films = 28 2 : Early Cinema = 32 Rediscovery of Early Cinema = 32 Cinematic Time = 33 Edwin S. Porter = 39 The Transformation of Early Cinema = 42 The Nickelodeon Era = 47 David Wark Griffith = 51 3 : Film as Art and Industry = 54 D. W. Griffith and Narrative Style = 54 Feature Films = 55 Epic Films = 58 Comedy = 66 Stars = 70 Series and Serials = 74 Film and World WarⅠ = 75 4 : The Global Spread of Film = 80 Filmmaking Outside Europe and the United States = 81 Through Western Eyes = 85 Architectural Exoticism = 89 Hollywood's Global Domination = 93 PART Ⅱ : THE SILENT ERA = 96 5 : Hollywood in the 1920s = 98 The Rise of Hollywood = 98 The Film Director = 99 The Power of Stars = 108 Hollywood Genres = 115 Alternatives to Hollywood = 122 6 : The Cinemas of Europe = 126 German Cinema = 126 French Cinema = 135 International Cinema = 139 The Punishment of Women = 149 7 : Soviet Cinema = 150 Agit－Trains = 150 Lev Kuleshov = 151 Sergei Eisenstein = 152 Dziga Vertov = 160 Other Soviet Filmmakers = 163 Art and Ideology = 168 8 : The Transition to Sound = 172 Telecommunications and Film Sound = 172 Color and Widescreen = 174 Music and Effects Track = 180 The Advent of Sound = 184 The Art of Sound = 190 Sound and Language = 194 PART Ⅲ : CLASSIC CINEMA = 198 9 : Hollywood Genres = 200 The Dream Machine = 200 The Classical Era = 201 Genre Developments = 202 The Production Code and Its Effects = 208 Hollywood Production Values = 212 An Establishment Cinema = 218 Orson Welles = 220 10 : Meeting Hollywood's Challenge = 224 State Control over Cinema = 225 Filmmaking Outside Europe = 229 Britain = 233 France = 235 11 : Documentary, Propaganda, and Politics = 242 The City Symphony = 242 British Documentary = 243 Films of the Left = 248 Nazi Documentary = 253 United States = 256 12 : Film and World War Ⅱ = 260 United States Fiction Films = 260 United States Documentaries = 265 Britain = 269 Soviet Union = 272 Germany, Italy, Japan = 274 Occupation Cinema = 276 PART Ⅳ : POSTWAR TRANSFORMATION = 280 13 : Italian Neorealism = 282 Beginning of Neorealism = 283 Varieties of Neorealism = 291 Neorealism's Legacy = 296 14 : Hollywood's Struggles = 302 Political Challenges to Hollywood = 302 Film Noir = 303 Independent Production = 310 Genre Revivals = 315 15 : Art Cinema of Europe and Asia = 322 International Cinema = 322 Japan = 325 Italy = 331 Film Authors of the 1950s = 333 Years of Fruition = 340 16 : Hollywood in the 1950s = 344 Decline or Artistic Triumph? = 344 Three－dimension and Widescreen Films = 345 Hollywood Auteurs = 350 Genres and Movements of the 1950s = 354 PART Ⅴ : THE REVIVAL OF CINEMA = 364 17 : The French New Wave = 366 Critique of French Cinema = 366 The New Wave Begins = 367 French Film in the 1960s = 371 Jean－Luc Godard = 375 French Cinema and Society = 379 18 : Cinema of'Liberation = 384 The Battle of Algiers = 385 China = 385 Cinema Novo in Brazil = 388 Latin American Cinema = 392 African Cinema = 395 The Japanese "New Wave" = 399 19 : The New Documentary = 402 Cinema Verit e ´ = 403 Direct Cinema = 406 Documentary Film and the Vietnam War = 409 Documentary Renaissance = 411 20 : American Film: Turmoil and Transformation = 416 The Early 1960s = 417 Movies and Social Movements = 421 Genre Revision = 427 The "Movie Brats" = 433 PART Ⅵ : THE EXPANSION OF CINEMA = 438 21 : European Films of the 1960s and 1970s = 440 The International Medium = 440 The Question of National Cinema = 441 Eastern European and Soviet Film = 443 European Cinema Without Borders = 451 New German Cinema = 455 22 : Hollywood Recovery = 460 Financial Revolutions = 460 The Neglected "Golden Age" = 461 The New Blockbuster = 465 U. S. Films and Filmmakers = 469 African－American Filmmakers = 477 Beyond Formula = 479 23 : The Cinematic Avant－Garde = 482 Maya Deren = 482 Alternative Films of the 1960s = 483 European Alternative Cinema = 488 Alternative Cinema in the 1980s = 491 Alternative Nonfiction = 495 Gay and Lesbian Cinema = 498 24 : The Global Advance of Cinema = 500 Australian Cinema = 500 Cinema of the "Three Chinas" = 502 The End of Soviet Cinema = 507 International Art Cinema = 508 The Global Voice of Cinema = 513 The Present and the Past = 517 Bibliography = 518 Glossary = 523 Filmography = 528 Index = 540 Credits = 557

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