The Cinema

List of Abbreviations = ⅶ Acknowledgements = ⅷ Introduction = 1 1. The Beginnings: Up to 1918 = 3 Moving pictures: the prehistory The first 'real' film The father of fantasy Other French pioneers The other European industries The United States The first superstar 2. The European Cinema: From 1918 to 1927 = 16 The new Soviet cinema Montage, dialectic and Marxist aesthetics The Teutonic frisson: Germany French intellectual influences Scandinavia and Britain 3. The American Silent Cinema: From 1918 to 1927 = 31 Trusts, money, sexuality and prudery The melting-pot The comedians 4. The European Cinema: From 1927 to 1939 = 42 The first impact Class and barriers in war and 'peace' Germany Russia Great Britain 5. The American Sound Cinema: Up to 1939 = 58 Myths and the American genres The Western The gangster movie The cinema of social conscience The melting-pot The role of women Comedy 6. The War Years = 73 The other side France Russia Wartime Hollywood Screwball comedies Welles／Kane: a legend in his lifetime 7. Hollywood, 1945 to 1955: Paranoia and Decline = 88 Democracy, patriotism and shattered lives Live filming: location shooting and method The leading auteurs The Western thrives but the musical declines Comedy: Hollywood and the theatrical Conclusion 8. The 'Neo-Realist' Years: European Cinema, 1945 to 1955 = 101 Italy and neo-realism France The period of transition The foreshadowing of the new wave Great Britain The Eastern countries The peripatetic film-makers 9. The Big Movie: Hollywood, 1955 to 1965 = 119 The blockbuster decade The influence of television The star system The action directors The cult of youth The cut-price, the independent, the underground 10. New Waves: Europe 1955 to 1965 = 130 The French nouvelle vague French films of youth On the left bank Other French directors Italy The return of the exile Angry young men The aftermath of Stalin Scandinavia Conclusion 11. Cinemas of the East: India and Japan up to 1965 = 148 Japan India 12. The Last Ten Years = 153 Madness and language The suicide of narrative Catholic directors The indiscreet charmlessness of the bourgeoisie Theory and practice - the open text Germany Italy Surrealism : real and not so (sur-)real Screen Marx and cinema Chamber cinema America - new developments Nostalgia and the cinema Blockbusters and genres Underground Exports and exiles The American dissidents: a summary South America Japan: the future of cinema? Glossary = 181 Filmography = 183 Notes on text = 188 Index = 191

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