Creating Special Effects For TV And Video

INTRODUCTION = 9 SPECIAL EFFECTS DESIGN = 10 The special effects designer Overlapping responsibility THE IMPORTANCE OF SOUND = 12 The restaurant The battle THE CAMCORDER = 13 Transitory effects Filmed sequences FILM CAMERAS = 14 Camera speeds Stop-frame and time-lapse cameras ANIMATION STAND CAMERAWORK = 16 Uses Preparation STOP-FRAME FILM ANIMATION = 18 Technique Puppet construction Life-sized animation THE COMPUTER = 20 Motion control COMPUTERISED EFFECTS-1 = 22 Explosions Morphing COMPUTERISED EFFECTS-2 = 24 Flames Texture Creativity FIFTY-FIFTY MIRRORS (BEAM-SPLITTERS) = 26 Ghost effects Depth of field Auto-focus MIRRORED EFFECTS = 28 Extending the picture Changing direction Calculating reflecting angles PERISCOPES = 30 Periscope Underwater periscope Underwater lighting Snorkel shots POLYSTYRENE FABRICATION AND MODELLING = 32 Cutting and shaping Joining Finishing PLASTIC FORMING MACHINES = 34 Expanded-polystyrene cutter Vacuum-forming machine PLASTER OF PARIS = 36 Mixing the plaster Release agents Miscellaneous PLASTER TURNING = 38 Horizontal method Vertical method MOULD MAKING = 40 How to make a two-piece mould FLEXIBLE MOULDS = 42 Hot melt Silicone rubber Latex Registration LATEX CASTING = 44 Casting latex Grade Finish Other uses GLASS FIBRE LAY-UPS AND CASTING RESIN = 46 Lay-up Casting Finishing MATTE AND GLASS SHOTS = 48 Matte shots Glass shots MODELS AND MINIATURES = 50 Static shots Shots with action ACTION MINIATURES = 52 Water Fire Trains Explosions and demolition HANGING MINIATURES = 53 Chroma key Outdoors Fixing HANGING MINIATURES-APPLICATIONS 1 = 54 Background Economics Realisation Movement HANGING MINIATURES-APPLICATIONS 2 = 56 The safety bonus Reflections in the water MODEL LANDSCAPES = 58 Fields and trees Perspective Matte lines MODEL SHIPS = 60 Sub-frame Wakes and bow waves Outdoors Submarine shots MODEL SEAS = 62 Miniature sea Waves Horizon SCENIC PROJECTION = 64 Back projection Front-axial projection Application CHROMA KEY: COLOUR SEPARATION OVERLAY = 66 What it can do Limitations OPTICAL PRINTING = 68 Optical mattes Selected frames Comic animation UNDERWATER SEQUENCES = 70 Contamination Foreshortening Natural growth Pre-washing The sea bed WATER IN THE STUDIO = 72 Dump tanks Supplies Ornamental fountains DRY-ICE GENERATORS = 74 Simple generation Controlled generation Operational notes RADAR AND OSCILLOSCOPES = 76 Radar scanner Oscillographs Mock traces LABORATORY AND CHEMICAL EFFECTS = 78 Chemical equipment Chemical reactions RAY GUNS AND BLASTERS = 80 Weapons Ray effects Static ray Target ROBOTS AND MONSTERS = 82 Eyes Eyeballs The mouth Other movements THE SMOKE GUN = 84 Studio guns Gas guns Outdoor smoke machines Using the smoke gun PYROTECHNIC AND OTHER SMOKES = 86 Charcoal smoke Hot-wire smoke FLAMES = 88 Flame forks Flame drum Lighting effects Flaming brands FIRE EFFECTS IN THE STUDIO = 90 Use of flame forks Smoke Outdoor sets FIRE EFFECTS IN THE OPEN = 92 Burning buildings Flame arks Petrolgel FIRES AND FURNACES = 94 Open fires Actions Furnaces and red-hot coals HOT AND MOLTEN METAL = 96 Pokers Pouring molten metal Flat iron Use of heated items EXPLOSIVES = 98 Their use Types Regulations FIRING BOXES AND EXPLODERS = 100 Uses Facilities Danger points Circuits Nail board PYROTECHNICS = 102 Stage pyrotechnics Explosions PYROTECHNICS IN THE STUDIO = 104 Detonators and pyrofuses Fireworks Safety PYROTECHNICS IN THE OPEN = 106 The mortar Ground explosions The trip-wire SAFE STUDIO EXPLOSIONS-1 = 108 Whoofer Elasticated explosions SAFE STUDIO EXPLOSIONS-2 = 110 Swinging weight Falling weight PYROFUSES AND BULLET HITS = 112 Pyrofuses Bullet hits Circuit test BULLET EFFECTS IN SCENERY = 114 Walls Rocks Woodwork Direction BULLET EFFECTS ON VASES AND BOTTLES = 116 Using projectiles Using detonators BULLET EFFECTS IN GLASS AND MIRRORS = 118 Bullet effect by editing Capsule gun Shatter glass BULLET EFFECTS ON PEOPLE = 120 Bullet plates Blood Operation Viewpoint BULLET EFFECTS USING COMPRESSED AIR = 122 Capsule gun Bicycle pump SAFETY PRECAUTIONS = 124 Pyrotechnic material Wiring up Flammables ARROWS = 126 Whip pan Flight line Spring-up arrow Reverse filming KNIVES = 128 Compressed air knife thrower Knife-throwing act Safe knives SWORDS AND DAGGERS = 130 Dagger Fixed dagger Retractable sword Blood spurt PROSTHETICS = 132 Body attachments BREAKING WINDOWS = 134 Windows for jumping through Simulated broken windows Shock wave BREAKING BOTTLES, CROCKERY AND CHAIRS = 136 Bottles Cups, saucers and vases Chairs and stools Plaster BREAKING AND COLLAPSING SCENERY = 138 Falling shelves Brick walls Collapsing floor Mine shaft collapse LAVA, QUICKSAND AND SWAMPS = 140 Hot lava Quicksand Swamps GUNGE AND CUSTARD PIES = 142 Oil and tar Custard pies Soup Spillages DIRT AND DECAY = 144 Dust Filth Decay Peat Soot COBWEBS = 146 Cobweb gun Applying cobwebs The mixture WIND AND BLIZZARDS = 148 Snow blizzard Wind Superimposition Film loop FROST AND ICE = 150 Frost Ice Ice blocks SNOW = 152 Falling snow in studio Falling snow outdoors Paper snow Polystyrene granules FOG AND MIST = 154 A foggy night A foggy day Vignette Superimposed effects RAIN IN THE STUDIO = 156 Rain in the studio Rain down a window Wet／dry／wet Water on the floor RAIN IN THE OPEN = 158 Rain heads Rivers and ponds RADIO CONTROL = 159 Master controls Explosions REMOTE CONTROL = 160 Electric ignition Solenoids Bowden cable Pneumatics and hydraulics DESTRUCTION OF AUTOMOBILES = 162 Destruction by fire Exploding vehicle Smoke from a travelling automobile Steam from the radiator AUTOMOBILE CRASHES = 164 The ramp Demolition Turn-over trucks Vehicle repairs SPECIAL LIGHTING DEVICES = 166 Axial lighting Black-spot lighting Eye-line PROJECTED LIGHT EFFECTS = 168 Static projected effects Reflected light Aircraft, trains and spaceships Animated light effects SOME SPECIAL PLANTS = 170 Wilting flowers Falling blooms Falling fruit Leaping flowers MODIFYING EQUIPMENT = 172 Cloned functions Shaking equipment PHOTOGRAPHS ON THE SCREEN = 174 Model shots Props The photocopier SPARKS AND FLASHES = 176 The spark coil The scissors Video camera damage SCORING DEVICES AND GAME SHOWS = 178 The visual display unit Slide projectors Computer generation PERSONAL EQUIPMENT = 179 The viewfinder Firing box The pocket knife The electric test meter The tool holder FURTHER READING = 180 GLOSSARY = 182

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